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China supplier Axle Shaft and Beam Front Axle for Truck Trailer Parts axle cv joint

Product Description

Product Description
Semi Trailer 1840 Square beam German axle for sale

Type	MAX Capacity	A/B(mm)	C(mm)	EFT(mm)	L3(mm)	L2(mm)	L1(mm)	I(mm)	Weight(Kg)
ZBJZ-011	13T	88.9/88.9	UNS3.48-12	15015012	390	1296	1644	2108	120
ZBJZ-012	13T	95/85	M85*2.5	15015012	354	1300	1645	2104	120
ZBJZ-013	14T	88.9/88.9	UNS3.48-12	15015012	350	1258	1644	2108	120
ZBJZ-014	16T	99.9/88.9	UNS3.48-12	15015014	360	1266	1664	2128	140
ZBJZ-015	20T	110/88.9	UNS3.48-12	15015016	360	1264	1700	2173	160

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/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1

Type:	Semi-Trailer
Load Capacity:	28ton
Certification:	ECE, GCC, CE, ISO9001, DOT, CCC, ISO/TS16949

Customization:	Available \| Customized Request

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Shipping Cost: Estimated freight per unit.	about shipping cost and estimated delivery time.

Payment Method:
	Initial Payment Full Payment

Currency:	US$

Return&refunds:	You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products.

axle

What are the key differences between live axles and dead axles in vehicle design?

In vehicle design, live axles and dead axles are two different types of axle configurations with distinct characteristics and functions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the key differences between live axles and dead axles:

Live Axles:

A live axle, also known as a solid axle or beam axle, is a type of axle where the wheels on both ends of the axle are connected and rotate together as a single unit. Here are the key features and characteristics of live axles:

Connected Wheel Movement: In a live axle configuration, the wheels on both ends of the axle are linked together, meaning that any movement or forces applied to one wheel will directly affect the other wheel. This connection provides equal power distribution and torque to both wheels, making it suitable for off-road and heavy-duty applications where maximum traction is required.
Simple Design: Live axles have a relatively simple design, consisting of a solid beam that connects the wheels. This simplicity makes them durable and capable of withstanding heavy loads and rough terrains.
Weight and Cost: Live axles tend to be heavier and bulkier compared to other axle configurations, which can impact the overall weight and fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Additionally, the manufacturing and maintenance costs of live axles can be lower due to their simpler design.
Suspension: In most cases, live axles are used in conjunction with leaf spring or coil spring suspensions. The axle is typically mounted to the vehicle’s chassis using leaf springs or control arms, allowing the axle to move vertically to absorb bumps and provide a smoother ride.
Off-road Capability: Live axles are commonly used in off-road vehicles, trucks, and heavy-duty applications due to their robustness, durability, and ability to deliver power to both wheels simultaneously, enhancing traction and off-road performance.

Dead Axles:

A dead axle, also known as a dummy axle or non-driven axle, is a type of axle that does not transmit power to the wheels. It is primarily used to provide support and stability to the vehicle. Here are the key features and characteristics of dead axles:

Independent Wheel Movement: In a dead axle configuration, each wheel operates independently, meaning that the movement or forces applied to one wheel will not affect the other wheel. Each wheel is responsible for its own power delivery and traction.
Weight Distribution: Dead axles are often used to distribute the weight of the vehicle more evenly, especially in cases where heavy loads need to be carried. By adding an extra axle without driving capability, the weight can be distributed over a larger area, reducing the load on other axles and improving stability.
Steering: Dead axles are commonly used as front axles in vehicles with rear-wheel drive configurations. They provide support for the front wheels and allow for steering control. The steering is typically achieved through a separate mechanism, such as a steering linkage or a steering gear.
Reduced Complexity: Dead axles are simpler in design compared to live axles since they do not have the additional components required for power transmission. This simplicity can lead to lower manufacturing and maintenance costs.
Efficiency and Maneuverability: Dead axles are often used in vehicles where power delivery to all wheels is not necessary, such as trailers, certain types of buses, and some light-duty vehicles. By eliminating the power transmission components, these vehicles can achieve better fuel efficiency and improved maneuverability.

It’s important to note that the choice between live axles and dead axles depends on the specific application, vehicle type, and desired performance characteristics. Vehicle manufacturers consider factors such as load capacity, traction requirements, off-road capability, cost, and fuel efficiency when determining the appropriate axle configuration for a particular vehicle model.

axle

Where can I purchase high-quality replacement axles for my make and model of vehicle?

When it comes to purchasing high-quality replacement axles for your specific make and model of vehicle, there are several reliable sources you can consider. Here are some options:

Authorized Dealerships:

Authorized dealerships of your vehicle’s manufacturer are a trustworthy option for purchasing replacement axles. They offer genuine parts that are specifically designed and engineered for your make and model. Contact your local dealership’s parts department to inquire about the availability of replacement axles.

Independent Auto Parts Stores:

Independent auto parts stores often carry a wide range of replacement axles from reputable manufacturers. These stores typically have knowledgeable staff who can help you identify the correct axle for your vehicle. Examples of popular auto parts stores include AutoZone, Advance Auto Parts, and O’Reilly Auto Parts.

Online Retailers:

Online retailers provide a convenient way to browse and purchase replacement axles from the comfort of your home. Websites such as Amazon, eBay, and RockAuto offer extensive selections of axles for various vehicle makes and models. Be sure to verify the compatibility of the axles with your specific vehicle before making a purchase.

Specialty Performance Retailers:

If you are looking for high-performance or upgraded axles, specialty performance retailers may be the way to go. These retailers cater to enthusiasts and offer axles that are designed to handle increased power, torque, or off-road demands. Examples of specialty performance retailers include Summit Racing, Jegs, and 4 Wheel Parts.

Local Salvage Yards:

Salvage yards, also known as junkyards or auto recyclers, can be a cost-effective option for finding used axles in good condition. Some salvage yards have an inventory system that allows you to search for specific parts based on your vehicle’s make and model. It’s important to thoroughly inspect used axles before purchase to ensure they meet your requirements.

Vehicle Manufacturer’s Online Parts Store:

Many vehicle manufacturers have their own online parts stores where you can directly purchase genuine replacement parts, including axles. These online stores provide the assurance of authenticity and compatibility with your specific make and model. Visit the official website of your vehicle’s manufacturer and look for their parts store section.

When purchasing replacement axles, it’s important to prioritize quality and ensure that the parts meet or exceed the original equipment specifications. Consider factors such as warranty coverage, customer reviews, and the reputation of the manufacturer or retailer. Additionally, consult with knowledgeable professionals or refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for specific axle specifications and recommendations.

axle

What is the primary function of an axle in a vehicle or machinery?

An axle plays a vital role in both vehicles and machinery, providing essential functions for their operation. The primary function of an axle is to transmit rotational motion and torque from an engine or power source to the wheels or other rotating components. Here are the key functions of an axle:

Power Transmission:

An axle serves as a mechanical link between the engine or power source and the wheels or driven components. It transfers rotational motion and torque generated by the engine to the wheels, enabling the vehicle or machinery to move. As the engine rotates the axle, the rotational force is transmitted to the wheels, propelling the vehicle forward or driving the machinery’s various components.

Support and Load Bearing:

An axle provides structural support and load-bearing capability, especially in vehicles. It bears the weight of the vehicle or machinery and distributes it evenly across the wheels or supporting components. This load-bearing function ensures stability, balance, and proper weight distribution, contributing to safe and efficient operation.

Wheel and Component Alignment:

The axle helps maintain proper alignment of the wheels or rotating components. It ensures that the wheels are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground, promoting stability and optimal tire contact with the road surface. In machinery, the axle aligns and supports the rotating components, ensuring their correct positioning and enabling smooth and efficient operation.

Suspension and Absorption of Shocks:

In vehicles, particularly those with independent suspension systems, the axle plays a role in the suspension system’s operation. It may incorporate features such as differential gears, CV joints, or other mechanisms that allow the wheels to move independently while maintaining power transfer. The axle also contributes to absorbing shocks and vibrations caused by road irregularities, enhancing ride comfort and vehicle handling.

Steering Control:

In some vehicles, such as trucks or buses, the front axle also serves as a steering axle. It connects to the steering mechanism, allowing the driver to control the direction of the vehicle. By turning the axle, the driver can steer the wheels, enabling precise maneuverability and navigation.

Braking:

An axle often integrates braking components, such as brake discs, calipers, or drums. These braking mechanisms are actuated when the driver applies the brakes, creating friction against the rotating axle or wheels and causing deceleration or stopping of the vehicle. The axle’s design can affect braking performance, ensuring effective and reliable stopping power.

Overall, the primary function of an axle in both vehicles and machinery is to transmit rotational motion, torque, and power from the engine or power source to the wheels or rotating components. Additionally, it provides support, load-bearing capability, alignment, suspension, steering control, and braking functions, depending on the specific application and design requirements.

China supplier Axle Shaft and Beam Front Axle for Truck Trailer Parts axle cv joint
editor by CX 2024-04-26

China supplier Gear Kits Spider Drive Front Axle for Txz328 axle shaft

Product Description

1.Specialization in CNC formulations of high precision and quality

2.Independent quality control department

3.Control plan and process flow sheet for each batch

4.Quality control in all whole production

5.Meeting demands even for very small quantities or single units

6.Short delivery times

7.Online orders and production progress monitoring

8.40 years of bearing experience, mature technology, and a number of inventions and utility model patents.

Detailed Photos

Certifications

Packaging & Shipping

Company Profile

ZheJiang Province Tonging Auto Synchronizer Co., Ltd and ZheJiang Shshi Xihu (West Lake) Dis.g Gears Co. Ltd are focus on the production of space parts for the aftermarket over 35years. a professional company in the field.

Our spare parts are interchangeable with the major manufacturers of heavy duty trucks, buses, light commercial and 4×4 pick up vehicles, medium and heavy duty Japanese applications. New items developing for customized in earthmover and agriculture machines.

There are 1 forging production line of 1600 tons, several forging production lines from 400 tons to 1000 tons: more than 300 various manufacturing and inspecting equipments with high efficiency and precision; 2 heat treatment production lines.

Our company can achieve more production process of forging, hobbing, shaving, gear
shaping, grinding and heat treatment.
There are 4 factories affiliated to the company, including Gear Factory, Synchronizer Factory, Adjusting Arm Factory and Casting Factory, producing various Transmission Synchronizers;
Differential Gears; Cross Spiders; Differential cases and other parts. We produce those parts for various types of
domestic trucks, Japanese trucks, European trucks and other famous brands. Moreover, the Agriculture machinery gears and Engineering machinery gears can developing also.
As a member of China Gear Industry Association and China
Auto Gear Manufacture Association, our company always focuses
on technology and quality. The company is an AAA enterprise, got lATF16949:2016 Quality Management System Certificate and has been awarded as CZPT and Faithful Company several times by
government. Our products occupy large share of China and we established cooperation relations with CZPT Group. Meanwhile, our products become very popular in Southeast Asia, Europe. Middle
East, Russia, America and other foreign countries.
With superior quality and excellent service, we are ready to offer
our products and service to costumers of all over the world!
Material: 20CrMnTiH
Scope and Capability of Gear Processing:
Modulus 1 to 10
Grade 6 of grinding accuracy
Grade 8 of accuracy achieved by shaving
Maximum machining diameter 400mm
Heat treatment: Quenching and tempering +carburizing

Gearboxes

Input shafts
Gears
Sliding sleeves
Hubs and synchronizer cones
Planet carriers
Housing

Differentials

Loaded differential cases
Idler pinions and side gears
Gears
Differential kits
Differential Input Shafts

FAQ

Q1. What is your terms of packing?

A: Generally, we pack our goods in Crates/Pallet/Boxes/Cartons.

Q2. How about your delivery time?

A: Generally, it is 3-7days if the goods are in stock,or it is need 20-30days to producing,

it is according to the quantity.

Q3. Can you produce according to the samples?

A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.

Q4. Do you test all your goods before delivery?

A: Yes, we have 100% test before delivery

Q5.Do you provide samples?is it free or extra?

A:yes,we could offer the sample for free,but do not pay the cost of freight.

Q6.What is your term of payment

A:payment less than 3000usd,100% in advance,payment more than 6000usd,30%payment before produce,70% balance payment before shipment.

/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1

After-sales Service:	Online Support
Warranty:	1
Type:	Engine Bearing

Customization:	Available \| Customized Request

.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}

Shipping Cost: Estimated freight per unit.	about shipping cost and estimated delivery time.

Payment Method:
	Initial Payment Full Payment

Currency:	US$

Return&refunds:	You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products.

axle

Can you provide insights into the maintenance of axle bearings for smooth operation?

Maintaining axle bearings is essential for ensuring smooth operation, longevity, and optimal performance of a vehicle’s axle system. Here are some insights into the maintenance of axle bearings:

1. Regular Inspection:

Perform regular visual inspections of the axle bearings to check for any signs of wear, damage, or leaks. Look for indications such as excessive play, unusual noises, vibration, or leakage of grease. Inspections should be carried out as per the manufacturer’s recommended intervals or during routine maintenance checks.

2. Lubrication:

Adequate lubrication is crucial for the smooth operation of axle bearings. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for the type of lubricant to use and the recommended intervals for greasing. Over-greasing or under-greasing can lead to bearing damage or failure. Ensure that the proper amount of grease is applied to the bearings, and use a high-quality grease that is compatible with the axle bearing specifications.

3. Seal Inspection and Replacement:

Check the condition of the axle bearing seals regularly. The seals help to keep contaminants out and retain the lubricating grease within the bearing. If the seals are damaged, worn, or show signs of leakage, they should be replaced promptly to prevent dirt, water, or debris from entering the bearing assembly and causing damage.

4. Proper Installation:

During axle bearing replacement or installation, it is crucial to follow proper procedures to ensure correct seating and alignment. Improper installation can lead to premature bearing failure and other issues. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions or consult a professional mechanic to ensure proper installation techniques are followed.

5. Load Capacity and Alignment:

Ensure that the axle bearings are properly sized and rated to handle the load capacity of the vehicle and the specific application. Overloading the bearings can lead to excessive wear and premature failure. Additionally, proper wheel alignment is important to prevent uneven bearing wear. Regularly check and adjust the wheel alignment if necessary.

6. Environmental Considerations:

Take into account the operating conditions and environment in which the vehicle is used. Extreme temperatures, exposure to water, dirt, or corrosive substances can affect the performance of axle bearings. In such cases, additional preventive measures may be necessary, such as more frequent inspections, cleaning, and lubrication.

7. Professional Maintenance:

If you are unsure about performing maintenance on axle bearings yourself or if you encounter complex issues, it is recommended to seek assistance from a qualified mechanic or technician who has experience with axle systems. They can provide expert advice, perform necessary repairs or replacements, and ensure proper maintenance of the axle bearings.

By following these maintenance insights, you can help ensure the smooth operation, longevity, and reliability of axle bearings, contributing to the overall performance and safety of the vehicle.

axle

What are the symptoms of a failing CV joint, and how does it relate to the axle?

A CV (constant velocity) joint is an essential component of the axle assembly in many vehicles. When a CV joint starts to fail, it can exhibit several symptoms that indicate potential problems. Here’s a detailed explanation of the symptoms of a failing CV joint and its relationship to the axle:

Symptoms of a Failing CV Joint:

1. Clicking or popping sounds: One of the most common signs of a failing CV joint is a clicking or popping sound when making turns. This noise usually occurs during tight turns and may indicate worn-out or damaged CV joint bearings.

2. Grease leakage: A failing CV joint may leak grease, which can be seen as dark-colored grease splattered around the CV joint or on the inside of the wheel. Grease leakage is typically caused by a cracked or damaged CV joint boot, which allows the lubricating grease to escape and contaminants to enter.

3. Excessive vibration: A worn-out CV joint can cause vibrations, especially during acceleration. The vibrations may be felt in the steering wheel, floorboards, or even the entire vehicle. These vibrations can become more noticeable as the CV joint deteriorates further.

4. Difficulty in turning: As the CV joint wears out, it may become difficult to turn the vehicle, especially at low speeds or when making sharp turns. This symptom is often accompanied by a clicking or popping sound.

5. Uneven tire wear: A failing CV joint can lead to uneven tire wear. If the CV joint is damaged or worn, it can cause the axle to wobble or vibrate, resulting in uneven tire tread wear. This can be observed by visually inspecting the tires and noticing uneven patterns of wear.

Relationship to the Axle:

The CV joint is an integral part of the axle assembly. It connects the transmission to the wheels and allows smooth power delivery to the wheels while accommodating the up-and-down motion of the suspension. The axle shaft is responsible for transmitting torque from the transmission to the CV joints and ultimately to the wheels.

Axles contain one or more CV joints, depending on the vehicle’s drivetrain configuration. In front-wheel drive vehicles, each front axle typically has two CV joints, one inner and one outer. Rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive vehicles may have CV joints on both the front and rear axles.

The CV joint consists of a joint housing, bearings, and internal ball bearings or rollers. It is protected by a rubber or thermoplastic CV joint boot, which seals in the grease and protects the joint from contaminants. When the CV joint fails, it can affect the axle’s ability to transmit power smoothly and result in the symptoms mentioned above.

Regular inspection and maintenance of the CV joint and axle assembly are crucial to identify and address any issues promptly. If any of the symptoms mentioned earlier are observed, it is recommended to have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic to determine the exact cause and perform necessary repairs or replacements.

axle

What is the primary function of an axle in a vehicle or machinery?

Power Transmission:

Support and Load Bearing:

Wheel and Component Alignment:

Suspension and Absorption of Shocks:

Steering Control:

Braking:

China supplier Gear Kits Spider Drive Front Axle for Txz328 axle shaft
editor by CX 2024-04-09

China high quality CZPT Wholesale Auto Part 2X CV Axle Shaft Assembly for Audi A4 Quattro 2009-2011 A5 Quattro 08-12 Front OEM 8K0407271p supplier

Product Description

SENP Wholesale Auto Part 2x CV Axle Shaft Assembly for Audi A4 Quattro 2009-2011 A5 Quattro 08-12 Front OEM 8K0407271P

Product Type	CV Axle Shaft Assembly
OE No.	8K0407271P
Suitable for	for Audi A4 Quattro 2009-2011 A5 Quattro 08-12
Weight	4 kg
Brand	SENP
Certification	ISO9001
MOQ	1 PC
Packing	SENP packing, neutral packing, client’s packing
Warranty	24 months / 80000km
Payment term	T/T, Paypal, Western Union

FQA:
Q1.Where is your company?
A: Our Head Office are located in HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province, China(Mainland);
Q2. What is your terms of packing?
A: Generally, we pack our goods in SENP boxes or neutral boxes
Q3. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We’ll show you the photos of the products and packages before you pay the balance.
Q4. What is your terms of delivery?
A: EXW, FOB,
Q5. How about your delivery time?
A: Generally, it will take about 20 days after receiving your deposit. The specific delivery time depends on the items and the
quantity of your order.
Q6. Can you produce according to the samples?
A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.
Q7. What is your sample policy?
A: We can supply the sample if we have ready parts in stock, but the customers have to pay the sample cost and the courier costs.
Q8. Do you test all your goods before delivery?
A: Yes, we have 100% test before delivery
Q9. How do you make our business long-term and good relationship?
A: 1. We keep good quality and competitive price to ensure our customers’ benefit ;
2. We respect every customer as our friend and we sincerely do business and make friends with them, no matter where they come from. /* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1

After-sales Service:	24 Hours Online Services
Condition:	New
Color:	Silver
Certification:	ISO
Type:	Drive Shaft Assembly
Material:	Aluminum

Samples:	US$ 99/Set 1 Set(Min.Order) \| Request Sample

Customization:	Available \| Customized Request

axle

What are the safety considerations when working with axles, especially during repairs?

Working with axles, especially during repairs, requires careful attention to safety to prevent accidents and injuries. Here are some important safety considerations to keep in mind when working with axles:

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, gloves, and steel-toed boots. PPE helps protect against potential hazards such as flying debris, sharp edges, and accidental contact with heavy components.

2. Vehicle Stability:

Ensure that the vehicle is on a stable and level surface before working on the axles. Engage the parking brake and use wheel chocks to prevent unintended vehicle movement. The stability of the vehicle is crucial to maintain a safe working environment.

3. Lifting and Support:

Use proper lifting equipment, such as hydraulic jacks or vehicle lifts, to raise the vehicle safely. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for lifting points and weight capacities. Once the vehicle is lifted, support it securely with jack stands or other appropriate supports to prevent it from falling or shifting during repairs.

4. Lockout/Tagout:

If the repair work involves disconnecting or removing any electrical or mechanical components that could cause the axle or wheels to move, follow lockout/tagout procedures. This involves locking and tagging out the power source, so it cannot be accidentally energized while work is being performed.

5. Proper Tools and Equipment:

Use the correct tools and equipment for the job. Using improper tools or makeshift methods can lead to accidents and damage to the axle or surrounding components. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and recommended procedures for disassembling, repairing, and reassembling the axle.

6. Proper Torque and Tightening:

When reassembling the axle components, use a torque wrench to ensure that fasteners are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications. Over-tightening or under-tightening can lead to component failure or damage. Follow the recommended torque values provided by the vehicle manufacturer.

7. Safe Handling of Heavy Components:

Axle components can be heavy and cumbersome. Use appropriate lifting techniques and equipment, such as hoists or lifting straps, to safely handle heavy axle parts. Avoid lifting heavy components alone whenever possible and ask for assistance when needed.

8. Proper Disposal of Fluids and Waste:

If the repair involves draining fluids from the axle, such as differential oil, ensure proper disposal according to local regulations. Use appropriate containers to collect and store fluids and dispose of them at authorized collection points.

9. Training and Experience:

Working with axles requires knowledge and experience. If you are unfamiliar with axle repairs, consider seeking assistance from a qualified mechanic or technician who has the necessary training and expertise. If you decide to perform the repairs yourself, ensure that you have the appropriate knowledge and skills to carry out the task safely.

By following these safety considerations, you can help minimize the risk of accidents, injuries, and damage when working with axles, ensuring a safe working environment for yourself and others involved in the repair process.

axle

Are there specific maintenance tips to extend the lifespan of my vehicle’s axles?

Maintaining the axles of your vehicle is crucial for ensuring their longevity, performance, and overall safety. Here are some specific maintenance tips to extend the lifespan of your vehicle’s axles:

Regular Inspection:

Perform regular visual inspections of the axles to check for any signs of damage, leaks, or excessive wear. Look for cracks, bends, or rust on the axle housing, and inspect the axle shafts, seals, and boots. Early detection of issues can help prevent further damage and costly repairs.

Lubrication:

Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for axle lubrication. Proper lubrication helps reduce friction and wear on the axle components. Regularly check the axle’s lubricant level and quality, and replace it as necessary. Use the recommended lubricant type and viscosity for your specific axle.

Seal Inspection and Replacement:

Check the axle seals for any signs of leaks, such as fluid accumulation around the axle ends. Leaking seals can allow contaminants to enter the axle assembly, leading to premature wear and damage. Replace worn or damaged seals promptly to maintain proper lubrication and prevent contamination.

Proper Loading and Towing:

Ensure that you do not exceed the weight capacity of your vehicle’s axles. Overloading or towing beyond the recommended limits can put excessive stress on the axles, leading to premature wear or failure. Be mindful of the payload and towing capacity specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

Driving Techniques:

Adopt proper driving techniques to minimize stress on the axles. Avoid sudden acceleration, aggressive cornering, and harsh braking, as these actions can subject the axles to excessive forces. Additionally, be cautious when driving over rough terrain or obstacles to prevent impacts that could damage the axles.

Regular Wheel Alignment:

Maintain proper wheel alignment to prevent excessive strain on the axles. Misaligned wheels can put uneven loads on the axles, leading to accelerated wear. Regularly check and adjust the wheel alignment as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Proper Tire Inflation:

Ensure that your vehicle’s tires are properly inflated according to the recommended tire pressure. Underinflated or overinflated tires can affect the load distribution on the axles and increase the risk of axle damage. Regularly check and maintain the correct tire pressure.

Service Intervals:

Follow the recommended service intervals for your vehicle, which may include axle inspections, lubricant changes, and other maintenance tasks. Adhering to these intervals ensures that the axles are properly maintained and any potential issues are addressed in a timely manner.

It’s important to consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for specific maintenance guidelines and intervals provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, if you notice any unusual noises, vibrations, or handling issues related to the axles, it is advisable to have your vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic to identify and address any potential axle problems promptly.

axle

What are the signs of a worn or failing axle, and how can I troubleshoot axle issues?

Identifying the signs of a worn or failing axle is important for maintaining the safety and functionality of your vehicle. Here are some common signs to look out for and troubleshooting steps you can take to diagnose potential axle issues:

Unusual Noises:

If you hear clunking, clicking, or grinding noises coming from the area around the wheels, it could indicate a problem with the axle. These noises may occur during acceleration, deceleration, or when turning. Troubleshoot by listening carefully to the location and timing of the noises to help pinpoint the affected axle.

Vibrations:

A worn or failing axle can cause vibrations that can be felt through the steering wheel, floorboard, or seat. These vibrations may occur at certain speeds or during specific driving conditions. If you experience unusual vibrations, it’s important to investigate the cause, as it could be related to axle problems.

Uneven Tire Wear:

Inspect your tires for uneven wear patterns. Excessive wear on the inner or outer edges of the tires can be an indication of axle issues. Misaligned or damaged axles can cause the tires to tilt, leading to uneven tire wear. Regularly check your tires for signs of wear and take note of any abnormalities.

Difficulty Steering:

A worn or damaged axle can affect steering performance. If you experience difficulty in steering, such as stiffness, looseness, or a feeling of the vehicle pulling to one side, it may be due to axle problems. Pay attention to any changes in steering responsiveness and address them promptly.

Visible Damage or Leaks:

Inspect the axles visually for any signs of damage or leaks. Look for cracks, bends, or visible fluid leaks around the axle boots or seals. Damaged or leaking axles can lead to lubrication loss and accelerated wear. If you notice any visible issues, it’s important to have them inspected and repaired by a qualified mechanic.

Professional Inspection:

If you suspect axle issues but are unsure about the exact cause, it’s advisable to seek a professional inspection. A qualified mechanic can perform a thorough examination of the axles, suspension components, and related systems. They have the expertise and tools to diagnose axle problems accurately and recommend the appropriate repairs.

It’s important to note that troubleshooting axle issues can sometimes be challenging, as symptoms may overlap with other mechanical problems. If you’re uncertain about diagnosing or repairing axle issues on your own, it’s recommended to consult a professional mechanic. They can provide a proper diagnosis, ensure the correct repairs are performed, and help maintain the safety and performance of your vehicle.

China high quality CZPT Wholesale Auto Part 2X CV Axle Shaft Assembly for Audi A4 Quattro 2009-2011 A5 Quattro 08-12 Front OEM 8K0407271p supplier
editor by CX 2024-04-08

China supplier Forged Shaft Long Driving Shaft Driving Shaft C. 1531 Material wholesaler

Product Description

Your customized parts,Customized solutions
Company profiles
We established in 2571 year, named Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Tongyong Machinery Company. In 2019 renamed HangZhou Hejess Machinery Co.,Ltd and established new plants.
We are mainly engaged in the designing and manufacturing of steel machinery components and non-standard machinery parts, including shafts, flange, gears, rings, sheaves, couplings, bearing supports, and forgings etc.

Production Parameter

Material: Alloy steel,Carbon steel,Carburizing steel,Quenched and tempered steel
Heat treatment: Normalizing,Annealing,Quenching&Tempering,Surface Quenching, Induction hardening
Machining: CNC Turning,CNC Milling,CNC Boring,CNC Grinding,CNC Drilling
Gear Machining: Gear Hobbing,Gear Milling,CNC Gear Milling,Gear Cutting,Spiral gear cutting,
Gear Cutting
Inspection: Chemical Composition Test,Ultrasonic Test,Penetration Test,Radiographic Test,

Magnetic Test,Tensile Strength Test,Impact Test,Hardness Test,Dimension Test.

We can provide forging from 1kg to 5Ton. And make precison machining. Also have welding and assembly capabilities.

Quality Control
Product quality is what we are paying great attention to all the time. Each product is produced under careful control at every process and inspected by experienced engineers strictly according to the related standards and customer requirements, ensuring the super performance of our goods when arrive at customer.
Ø Production Flow Chart
1, Order Analyzing
    Know requirements of raw material, chemical composition, Mechanical properties.
    Analyzing how to forging and how to make heat treatment.
2, Raw material.
    Use which raw material, plate, round bar, steel ingot.
   According your parts, choose the best cost performance one.
   If you required special material, will customized from steel factory.
   Customized raw material according your requirments.
3, Forging
    Make forging process chart and forging form
    Make forging drawing
    Make 3D drawing
    Make forging mould
4, Pre – forging
5, Finish – forging
Natural gas heating furnaces are monitored and controlled by computer programs to ensure precise heating within set time and temperature range as required.
A broad range of forging equipment,including friction press, hudraulic hammer, forging hammers.With the aids od intelligent software,proper deformation,forging ration,ingot size and weight,forging tooling and equipment will be determined to ensure the wrought structure through hout and sound quality.
6, Pre- machining
7, Make UT (ultrasonic) inspection.
8, Make heat treatment
9, Inspect hardness and mechanical properties.
10, Make precision machining / finished machining.
      Use CNC machining center, CNC milling, CNC boring, CNC grinding
11, Inspect dimenssions.
12, Protecting and packing.

Main market : America, Australia, Malaysia,Israel,Britain, Russia,Canada, ect.

Services : The services we can provide are : FOB, CIF, DAP. Only give me the drawings and requirements, you will receive the goods at your home.
Wehas accumulated rich knowledge and experience in the producing and exporting. Familar every process, when metting problems, be able to find a solution timely.

Excellent service attitude, fast reaction speed, on-time delivery, consciousness of responsibility and flexibility is what we are practicing from the very beginning, combining with high credit, competitive price, close interaction with customer and innovative way of working, make us win more and more business and excellent customer satisfaction.
To choose us, HangZhou CZPT Machinery, as your business partner, never will you find you are wrong!

PRODUCTION DETAILS

Technology :	Free forging / Open forging / Die forging / closed forging / Impression die forging / Flashless forging / multi-ram forging / multidirectional die forging / precision forging / croe forging / combination forging / extrusion forging / roll forging / reducer rolling / ring rolling / open die forging / flat die forging / loose tooling forging
Material Standard :	ISO / DIN / W-Nr / BS / EN / ASTM / ASME / AISI / UNS / SAE / JIS / SS/ NF / GOST / OCT / GB
Material Type:	Austenilic Ni-Cr Stainless Steel / Austenitic Alloy Steel / Austenitic Stainless Stee / Axle Shaft Steel / Bar Steel / Bearing Steel / Bolting Steel / Carbon And Low-Alloy Steel Vessels / Carbon Steel / Carbon Tool Steel / Carbon-Containing Alloy Steel / Case-Hardened Steel / Cast Steel / Cast-Steel Pipe / Centrifugal Steel / Centrifuge(D) Steel / Channel Steel / Chilled Hardened Steel / Chrome Hardened Steel / Chrome-Carbon Steel / Chrome-Molybdenum Steel / Chrome-Nickel Steel / Closed Die Steel / Coating Steel Pipe / Die Steel / Drawing Steel / Extra-High-Tensile Steel / Fabricated Steel / Ferritic Stainless Steel / Ferritic Steel / Figured Steel / Fine Steel / Flange Steel / Groove Steel / Hard Alloy Steel / High Alloy Steel / High Boron Steel / High Carbon Steel / High Chrome Alloy Steel / High Manganese Steel / High Nickel-Chrome Steel

Show the production process as below photos:

Our Products Catalogue

Products Catalogue
Item	Application	Technical	Material	Picture	Market
1	Lift Rod	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Australia
2	Eccentric shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Britain
3	Pin shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
4	Spindle	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Germany
5	Step shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Peru
6	Long shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Ukraine
7	Big head shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Israel
8	Hollow shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Custom Alloy steel		Singapore
9	Zinc plating flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – Zinc plating	Alloy steel		Australia
10	Spline shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Singapore
11	Gear Shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – Surface Quenching	Alloy steel		Russia
12	Gear	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Russia
13	Ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
14	Ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Malaysia
15	Half ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Malaysia
16	Cylinder	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Iran
17	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
18	Groove ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
19	Flange shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
20	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
21	Pin shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
22	Shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
23	Square flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA Britain
24	Nut	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
25	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
26	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
27	Forks	Wire cutting – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
28	Closed die forging part	Forging – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
29	Closed die forging part	Forging – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
30	Closed die forging part	Forging – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA

Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings

In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
splineshaft

Stiffness of spline-coupling

The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
splineshaft

Characteristics of spline-coupling

The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.

Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis

This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
splineshaft

Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling

In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.

China supplier Forged Shaft Long Driving Shaft Driving Shaft C. 1531 Material wholesaler

China supplier 4140 51crmov4 60hn Hot Forged Alloy Steel CZPT Roller Large Size Main Shaft with Great quality

Product Description

4140 51CrMoV4 60HN Hot Forged Alloy Steel CZPT Roller Large Size Main Shaft

ZheJiang Qilu Industrial Co., Ltd has the capacity to guarantee the quality for every step, from raw material (forging), then heating treatment, finally machining. We have our own forging mill, heating teatment shop and machining shop. At present we could supply various of lage main shaft, turbin shaft, cylinder shaft, windy generator shaft, roller shaft, wheel forging, drill bit forging and kinds of irregular parts based on the drawing provided by customers.

Steel material for shaft and forging parts:

Engineering Steel
GB GB/T 700	JIS JIS G3101	DIN (W-Nr.) EN10571-2 / DIN17100	AISI/ASTM ASTM A36	BS	OTHERS
Q235B	SS400	S235JR / RST37-2	A36
Q235C		S235J0 / ST37-3 U
Q235D		S235J2
GB GB/T1591	JIS	DIN (W-Nr.) EN10571-2 / DIN17100	AISI/ASTM	BS	OTHERS
Q355B		S355JR
Q355C		S355J0 / ST52-3U
Q355D		S355J2 / ST52-3 N
Q355E		S355K2
GB GB/T 699	JIS JIS G4051	DIN (W-Nr.) EN 10083-2	AISI/ASTM ASTM A20	BS	OTHERS
			1018	EN2C
20	S20C	C20	1571	EN3B/070M20	ASTM A105
35	S35C	C30	1035
45	S45C	C45E/1.1191	1045	EN8D/080M40
50	S50C	C50/1.1206	1050	080M50
55	S55C	C55	1055	EN9/070M55
GB GB/T 3077	JIS JIS G4105/JIS G4103	DIN (W-Nr.) EN 15710	AISI/ASTM ASTM A29	BS BS 970	OTHERS
40Cr	SCr440	41Cr4(1.7035)	5140
15CrMo	SCM415	16CrMo44/1.7337
20CrMo	SCM420	18CrMo4/1.7243	4118
30CrMo	SCM430	25CrMo4/1.7218	4130	708A25/708M25
42CrMo	SCM440	42crmo4/1.7225	4140	EN19/709M40
	SCM445		4145
40CrNiMoA	SNCM 439/SNCM8	36CrNiMo4/1.6511	4340	EN24/817M40
		40NiMoCr10-5/1.6745		EN26/826M40
		34CrNiMo6 / 1.6582	4337
		30CrNiMo16-6/1.6747	4330V	EN30B/835M30
		32CrMo12/1.7361		EN40B/722M24
16CrMnH / 20CrMnTi		16MnCr5 / 1.7131	5115
20CrMn		20MnCr5 / 1.7147
		15CrNi6/1.5919	3115
		16NiCr4/1.5714		EN351/637M17
			4615/4617	EN34/665M17
		14NiCr14/1.5752	3310/3415	EN36/655M13
		15NiCrMo16-5/1.6723		EN39/835M15
17CrNiMo6		18CrNiMo7-6 (1.6587)	4815
20CrNiMo	SNCM220	1.6523/21NiCrMo2	8620	805M20
		20CrNiMo5		EN353
GCr15	SUJ2	52100/1.3505		EN31/535A99
38CrMoAl	SACM645	41CrAlMo7/34CrAlMo5		905M39/905M31	41CrAlMo74(ISO)

ZheJiang Qilu Industrial Co., Ltd were already engaged in exporting steel for 11 years, could supply a great variety of hot forged, hot rolled and cold drawn Steels, including engineering steel, cold work tool steel, hot work tool steel, plastic mold steel, spring steel, high speed steel, stainless steel etc., besides Qilu Industrial also has their own heating treatment shop and machining shop to provide heating treatment, cutting and further machining service.

Since 2008 year, ZheJiang Qilu Industrial has the right to export all FORGED STEEL behalf of Qilu Speical Steel Co.,ltd which is specialized in smelting and forging of special steel since 1965 year, now Qilu special steel is 1 of the biggest manufacturer of forged product in China.The forged products are used in Automotive, Aerospace, Power Generation, Oil & Gas, Transportation and Industrial.

Till 2013 year, many customers need HOT ROLLED and COLD DRAWN steel from Qilu Industrial, in order to provide one-stop solution to our customers, Qilu Industrial began to cooperate with Xihu (West Lake) Dis.bei Special Steel (HangZhou and HangZhou mill), Baosteel, Tiangong International, Changcheng Special Steel for hot rolled tool steel, cooperate with HangZhou Speical Steel, HangZhou HangZhou Speical Steel, Shagang Group, CZPT Group for hot rolled engineering steel. Now we already set up the warehouse in HangZhou and HangZhou City, more than 20000 tons ex-stock could be supplied with kinds of sizes.

Then from 2018 year, Qilu Industrial decide to provide further manufacturer processing service, at present we could supply various of lage main shaft, turbin shaft, cylinder shaft, windy generator shaft, roller shaft, wheel forging, drill bit forging and kinds of irregular parts based on the drawing provided by customers.

Qilu Industrial is the professional one-stop steel manufacturer, stockist and exporter in China, our customers spread all over the world, include West Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Middle Asia, Africa, Australia, etc.

The company owns advanced special steel smelting facilities and forging processing equipments, the main steel-making equipment include 2 sets of 50t ultra-high power electric arc furnaces,2 sets of 60t LF refining furnaces,1 set of 60t vacuum degassing refining CZPT and 4 sets of 1-20t electroslag re-melting furnaces.
The main forging equipments mainly include:3 sets of 5t electro-hydraulic hammers, 1 set of high-speed forging units of 800t,1600t,2000t and 4500t respectively.

Standard Length Splined Shafts

Standard Length Splined Shafts are made from Mild Steel and are perfect for most repair jobs, custom machinery building, and many other applications. All stock splined shafts are 2-3/4 inches in length, and full splines are available in any length, with additional materials and working lengths available upon request and quotation. CZPT Manufacturing Company is proud to offer these standard length shafts.
splineshaft

Disc brake mounting interfaces that are splined

There are 2 common disc brake mounting interfaces, splined and center lock. Disc brakes with splined interfaces are more common. They are usually easier to install. The center lock system requires a tool to remove the locking ring on the disc hub. Six-bolt rotors are easier to install and require only 6 bolts. The center lock system is commonly used with performance road bikes.
Post mount disc brakes require a post mount adapter, while flat mount disc brakes do not. Post mount adapters are more common and are used for carbon mountain bikes, while flat mount interfaces are becoming the norm on road and gravel bikes. All disc brake adapters are adjustable for rotor size, though. Road bikes usually use 160mm rotors while mountain bikes use rotors that are 180mm or 200mm.
splineshaft

Disc brake mounting interfaces that are helical splined

A helical splined disc brake mounting interface is designed with a splined connection between the hub and brake disc. This splined connection allows for a relatively large amount of radial and rotational displacement between the disc and hub. A loosely splined interface can cause a rattling noise due to the movement of the disc in relation to the hub.
The splines on the brake disc and hub are connected via an air gap. The air gap helps reduce heat conduction from the brake disc to the hub. The present invention addresses problems of noise, heat, and retraction of brake discs at the release of the brake. It also addresses issues with skewing and dragging. If you’re unsure whether this type of mounting interface is right for you, consult your mechanic.
Disc brake mounting interfaces that are helix-splined may be used in conjunction with other components of a wheel. They are particularly useful in disc brake mounting interfaces for hub-to-hub assemblies. The spacer elements, which are preferably located circumferentially, provide substantially the same function no matter how the brake disc rotates. Preferably, 3 spacer elements are located around the brake disc. Each of these spacer elements has equal clearance between the splines of the brake disc and the hub.
Spacer elements 6 include a helical spring portion 6.1 and extensions in tangential directions that terminate in hooks 6.4. These hooks abut against the brake disc 1 in both directions. The helical spring portion 5.1 and 6.1 have stiffness enough to absorb radial impacts. The spacer elements are arranged around the circumference of the intermeshing zone.
A helical splined disc mount includes a stabilizing element formed as a helical spring. The helical spring extends to the disc’s splines and teeth. The ends of the extension extend in opposite directions, while brackets at each end engage with the disc’s splines and teeth. This stabilizing element is positioned axially over the disc’s width.
Helical splined disc brake mounting interfaces are popular in bicycles and road bicycles. They’re a reliable, durable way to mount your brakes. Splines are widely used in aerospace, and have a higher fatigue life and reliability. The interfaces between the splined disc brake and BB spindle are made from aluminum and acetate.
As the splined hub mounts the disc in a helical fashion, the spring wire and disc 2 will be positioned in close contact. As the spring wire contacts the disc, it creates friction forces that are evenly distributed throughout the disc. This allows for a wide range of axial motion. Disc brake mounting interfaces that are helical splined have higher strength and stiffness than their counterparts.
Disc brake mounting interfaces that are helically splined can have a wide range of splined surfaces. The splined surfaces are the most common type of disc brake mounting interfaces. They are typically made of stainless steel or aluminum and can be used for a variety of applications. However, a splined disc mount will not support a disc with an oversized brake caliper.

China supplier 4140 51crmov4 60hn Hot Forged Alloy Steel CZPT Roller Large Size Main Shaft with Great quality

China Standard Specifications3.175*80 Materials316 Hardnesshrc28-32 Precision Grinding Edging Shaft near me supplier

Product Description

Specifications3.175*80,materialS316,hardnessHRC28-32,precision grinding ,edging.
The shaft is made of S316, the surface is smooth, flat, and free of burrs. The right side is ground and flat, and the straightness is 0.571. The appearance is sorted according to the sorting standard, and the packaging is dry shaft packaging.

Product Description

Reminder: All products are customized products for customers, if you have customized requirements, please contact customer service

Product Name

shaft

Specifications

3.175*80

Material

S316

Hardness

28-32

Number

Process

Control Item

Control Standard

Cutting

length

The Benefits of Spline Couplings for Disc Brake Mounting Interfaces

Spline couplings are commonly used for securing disc brake mounting interfaces. Spline couplings are often used in high-performance vehicles, aeronautics, and many other applications. However, the mechanical benefits of splines are not immediately obvious. Listed below are the benefits of spline couplings. We’ll discuss what these advantages mean for you. Read on to discover how these couplings work.

Disc brake mounting interfaces are splined

There are 2 common disc brake mounting interfaces – splined and six-bolt. Splined rotors fit on splined hubs; six-bolt rotors will need an adapter to fit on six-bolt hubs. The six-bolt method is easier to maintain and may be preferred by many cyclists. If you’re thinking of installing a disc brake system, it is important to know how to choose the right splined and center lock interfaces.
splineshaft

Aerospace applications

The splines used for spline coupling in aircraft are highly complex. While some previous researches have addressed the design of splines, few publications have tackled the problem of misaligned spline coupling. Nevertheless, the accurate results we obtained were obtained using dedicated simulation tools, which are not commercially available. Nevertheless, such tools can provide a useful reference for our approach. It would be beneficial if designers could use simple tools for evaluating contact pressure peaks. Our analytical approach makes it possible to find answers to such questions.
The design of a spline coupling for aerospace applications must be accurate to minimize weight and prevent failure mechanisms. In addition to weight reduction, it is necessary to minimize fretting fatigue. The pressure distribution on the spline coupling teeth is a significant factor in determining its fretting fatigue. Therefore, we use analytical and experimental methods to examine the contact pressure distribution in the axial direction of spline couplings.
The teeth of a spline coupling can be categorized by the type of engagement they provide. This study investigates the position of resultant contact forces in the teeth of a spline coupling when applied to pitch diameter. Using FEM models, numerical results are generated for nominal and parallel offset misalignments. The axial tooth profile determines the behavior of the coupling component and its ability to resist wear. Angular misalignment is also a concern, causing misalignment.
In order to assess wear damage of a spline coupling, we must take into consideration the impact of fretting on the components. This wear is caused by relative motion between the teeth that engage them. The misalignment may be caused by vibrations, cyclical tooth deflection, or angular misalignment. The result of this analysis may help designers improve their spline coupling designs and develop improved performance.
CZPT polyimide, an abrasion-resistant polymer, is a popular choice for high-temperature spline couplings. This material reduces friction and wear, provides a low friction surface, and has a low wear rate. Furthermore, it offers up to 50 times the life of metal on metal spline connections. For these reasons, it is important to choose the right material for your spline coupling.
splineshaft

High-performance vehicles

A spline coupler is a device used to connect splined shafts. A typical spline coupler resembles a short pipe with splines on either end. There are 2 basic types of spline coupling: single and dual spline. One type attaches to a drive shaft, while the other attaches to the gearbox. While spline couplings are typically used in racing, they’re also used for performance problems.
The key challenge in spline couplings is to determine the optimal dimension of spline joints. This is difficult because no commercial codes allow the simulation of misaligned joints, which can destroy components. This article presents analytical approaches to estimating contact pressures in spline connections. The results are comparable with numerical approaches but require special codes to accurately model the coupling operation. This research highlights several important issues and aims to make the application of spline couplings in high-performance vehicles easier.
The stiffness of spline assemblies can be calculated using tooth-like structures. Such splines can be incorporated into the spline joint to produce global stiffness for torsional vibration analysis. Bearing reactions are calculated for a certain level of misalignment. This information can be used to design bearing dimensions and correct misalignment. There are 3 types of spline couplings.
Major diameter fit splines are made with tightly controlled outside diameters. This close fit provides concentricity transfer from the male to the female spline. The teeth of the male spline usually have chamfered tips and clearance with fillet radii. These splines are often manufactured from billet steel or aluminum. These materials are renowned for their strength and uniform grain created by the forging process. ANSI and DIN design manuals define classes of fit.
splineshaft

Disc brake mounting interfaces

A spline coupling for disc brake mounting interfaces is a type of hub-to-brake-disc mount. It is a highly durable coupling mechanism that reduces heat transfer from the disc to the axle hub. The mounting arrangement also isolates the axle hub from direct contact with the disc. It is also designed to minimize the amount of vehicle downtime and maintenance required to maintain proper alignment.
Disc brakes typically have substantial metal-to-metal contact with axle hub splines. The discs are held in place on the hub by intermediate inserts. This metal-to-metal contact also aids in the transfer of brake heat from the brake disc to the axle hub. Spline coupling for disc brake mounting interfaces comprises a mounting ring that is either a threaded or non-threaded spline.
During drag brake experiments, perforated friction blocks filled with various additive materials are introduced. The materials included include Cu-based powder metallurgy material, a composite material, and a Mn-Cu damping alloy. The filling material affects the braking interface’s wear behavior and friction-induced vibration characteristics. Different filling materials produce different types of wear debris and have different wear evolutions. They also differ in their surface morphology.
Disc brake couplings are usually made of 2 different types. The plain and HD versions are interchangeable. The plain version is the simplest to install, while the HD version has multiple components. The two-piece couplings are often installed at the same time, but with different mounting interfaces. You should make sure to purchase the appropriate coupling for your vehicle. These interfaces are a vital component of your vehicle and must be installed correctly for proper operation.
Disc brakes use disc-to-hub elements that help locate the forces and displace them to the rim. These elements are typically made of stainless steel, which increases the cost of manufacturing the disc brake mounting interface. Despite their benefits, however, the high braking force loads they endure are hard on the materials. Moreover, excessive heat transferred to the intermediate elements can adversely affect the fatigue life and long-term strength of the brake system.

China Standard Specifications3.175*80 Materials316 Hardnesshrc28-32 Precision Grinding Edging Shaft near me supplier

China Hot selling Stainless Steel Motor Shaft, Electric Motor Shaft, Electric Motor Long or Short Shaft near me supplier

Product Description

Business type	Factory/manufacturer
Service	CNC machining
	Turning and milling
	CNC turning
	OEM parts
Material	(1) Aluminum:AL 6061-T6,6063,7075-T
	(2)Stainless steel:303,304,316L,17-4(SUS630)
	(3)Steel:4140,Q235,Q345B,20#,45#
	(4)Titanium:TA1,TA2/GR2,TA4/GR5,TC4,TC18
	(5)Brass:C36000(HPb62),C37700(HPb59),C26800(H68)
	(6)Copper, bronze, magnesium alloy, Delan, POM, acrylic, PC, etc.
Service	OEM/ODM avaliable
Finish	Sandblasting, anodizing, Blackenning, zinc/Nickl plating, Poland
	Powder coating, passivation PVD plating titanium, electrogalvanization
	Chrome plating, electrophoresis, QPQ
	Electrochemical polishing, chrome plating, knurling, laser etching Logo
Major equipment	CNC machining center (milling machine), CNC lathe, grinding machine
Major equipment	Cylindrical grinding machine, drilling machine, laser cutting machine
Graphic format	STEP, STP, GIS, CAD, PDF, DWG, DXF and other samples
Tolerance	+/-0.003mm
Surface roughness	Ra0.1~3.2
Inspection	Complete testing laboratory with micrometer, optical comparator, caliper vernier, CMM
Inspection	Depth caliper vernier, universal protractor, clock gauge, internal Celsius gauge

Detailed Photos

Product Parameters

MATERIAL AVAILABLE
Aluminum	Stainless Steel	Brass	Copper	Plastic	Iron
AL2571	SS201	C22000	C15710	POM	Q235
ALA380	SS301	C24000	C11000	PEEK	Q345B
AL5052	SS303	C26000	C12000	PVC	1214 / 1215
AL6061	SS304	C28000	C12200	ABS	45#
AL6063	SS316	C35600	etc.	Nylon	20#
AL6082	SS416	C36000		PP	4140 / 4130
AL7075	etc.	C37000		Delrin	12L14
etc.		etc.		etc.	etc.
SURFACE TREATMENT
Aluminum Parts	Stainless Steel Parts		Steel Parts	Brass Parts
Clear Anodized	Polishing		Zinc Plating	Nickel Plating
Color Anodized	Passivating		Oxide black	chrome plating
Sandblast Anodized	Sandblasting		Nickel Plating	Electrophoresis black
Chemical Film	Laser engraving		Powder Coated	Powder coated
Brushing	Electrophoresis black		Heat treatment	Gold plating
Polishing	Oxide black		Chrome Plating	etc.
Chroming	etc		etc
etc
TOLERANCE
The smallest tolerance can reach +/-0.001mm or as per drawing request.
DRAWING FORMAT
PFD	Step	Igs	CAD	Solid	etc

Packaging & Shipping

Company Profile

HangZhou Shinemotor Co.,Ltd located in HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province of China.
Mainly specializes in developing, manufacturing and selling all kinds of customized metal and plastic parts.

Our factory pass SGS, ISO9001/ ISO9001/ ISO14001 verification, parts can be widely used in the fields of automobile,
medical instruments, electronic communications, industrial and consumer applications and so on.

We have introduced a series of advanced and high performance production equipment imported from Japan and ZheJiang :
High precision cnc lathes, 5/6 axis cnc machining centers, plane grinding & centerless grinding machines,
stamping machines, wire cut machines, EDM and many other high-precision CNC equipment.
Our inspection equipment includes: projector, 2D, 2.5D, CMM, hardness testing machine, tool microscope, etc.

We dedicated to developing and producing kinds of brass, aluminum, steel, stainless steel
And plastic machining parts, stamping parts, and also CZPT design and manufacturing.

We firmly hold the concept of ” customer is the first, honesty is the basic, accrete win-win “.
Dedicated to providing you with high-quality products and excellent service!
We sincerely look forward to creating a better future by mutually beneficial cooperation with you.

FAQ

1. Are you a factory or a trading company?

A: We are a factory which has been specialized in cnc machining & automatic manufacturing for more than 10 years.

2. Where is your factory and how can I visit it?
A: Our factory is located in HangZhou city and you can get more detailed information by browsing our website.

3. How long can I get some samples for checking and what about the price?
A: Normally samples will be done within 1-2 days (automatic machining parts) or 3-5 day (cnc machining parts).
The sample cost depends on all information (size, material, finish, etc.).
We will return the sample cost if your order quantity is good.

4. How is the warranty of the products quality control?
A: We hold the tightend quality controlling from very begining to the end and aim at 100% error free.

5.How to get an accurate quotation?
♦ Drawings, photos, detailed sizes or samples of products.
♦ Material of products.
♦ Ordinary purchasing quantity.
♦ Quotation within 1~6 hours

Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings

A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
splineshaft

Modeling a spline coupling

Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.

Creating a spline coupling model 20

The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
splineshaft

Analysing a spline coupling model 20

An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
splineshaft

Misalignment of a spline coupling

A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.

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Product Description

Material	metal
Standard	ASTM, ANSI, DIN, GB, NF, ISO, BS, JIS etc.
Process	CNC machining
Weight range	0.5-2000kg
Surface treatment	painting, polishing, heat treatment, plaining etc.
Machining	As per customers’ requirements Machining center, CNC, Lathe, Milling machine,drilling etc.
Size and design	As per the customer’s drawings and requirements
Size and design	As per the customer’s samples
Packing	carton box then on wooden crate
Packing	As per customers’ requirements
Inspection	Foundry in-house
Inspection	Third Party inspection available upon customers requirements

1.Q:Are you trading company or manufacturer?
A: We are factory with more then 15years experience
2.Q: How long is your delivery time?
A: Generally it is 15-30days as we are Customized service we confirm with Customer
when place order
3.Q:Do you provide samples? ls it free or extra?
A: Yes we provide samples .for sample charge as per sample condition to decide free or
charged ,usually for not too much time used consumed machining process are free
4.Q:What is your terms of payment?
30% T/T in advance balance before shipment .Or as per discussion
5.Q: Can we know the production process without visiting the factory?
A:We will offer detailed production schedule and send weekly reports with digital
pictures and videos which show the machining progress
6.Q:Available for customized design drawings?
A: YesDWG.DXF.DXW.IGES.STEP. PDF etc
7.Q:Available for customized design drawings?
A: Yes ,we can sign the NDA before your send the drawing
8.Q:How do you guarantee the quality?
A:(1) Checking the raw material after they reach our factory——
Incoming quality control(IQC)
(2) Checking the details before the production line operated
(3) Have a full inspection and routing inspection during mass production—
In-process quality control(IPQC)
(4) Checking the goods after they are finished—- Final quality control(FQC)
(5) Checking the goods after they are finished—–Outgoing quality control(QC)
(6)100% inspection and delivery before shipment.

How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings

There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
splineshaft

Involute splines

An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
splineshaft

Stiffness of coupling

The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.

Misalignment

To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
splineshaft

Wear and fatigue failure

The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.

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Product Description

We supply kinds of axles for transmission system(rotary components) , wheel , electric motor… , usually made of alloy steel , high quality product manufactured by qualified capable machines and controlled under IATF16949 or ISO9001 procedures

Part NO.	Customized according to buyer’s specification
Material	Alloy steel 40Cr,42CrMo,20CrMnTi,20CrNiMo….
Heat treatment	Quenching , carburization , nitriding , induction hardening

Types of Splines

There are 4 types of splines: Involute, Parallel key, helical, and ball. Learn about their characteristics. And, if you’re not sure what they are, you can always request a quotation. These splines are commonly used for building special machinery, repair jobs, and other applications. The CZPT Manufacturing Company manufactures these shafts. It is a specialty manufacturer and we welcome your business.
splineshaft

Involute splines

The involute spline provides a more rigid and durable structure, and is available in a variety of diameters and spline counts. Generally, steel, carbon steel, or titanium are used as raw materials. Other materials, such as carbon fiber, may be suitable. However, titanium can be difficult to produce, so some manufacturers make splines using other constituents.
When splines are used in shafts, they prevent parts from separating during operation. These features make them an ideal choice for securing mechanical assemblies. Splines with inward-curving grooves do not have sharp corners and are therefore less likely to break or separate while they are in operation. These properties help them to withstand high-speed operations, such as braking, accelerating, and reversing.
A male spline is fitted with an externally-oriented face, and a female spline is inserted through the center. The teeth of the male spline typically have chamfered tips to provide clearance with the transition area. The radii and width of the teeth of a male spline are typically larger than those of a female spline. These specifications are specified in ANSI or DIN design manuals.
The effective tooth thickness of a spline depends on the involute profile error and the lead error. Also, the spacing of the spline teeth and keyways can affect the effective tooth thickness. Involute splines in a splined shaft are designed so that at least 25 percent of the spline teeth engage during coupling, which results in a uniform distribution of load and wear on the spline.

Parallel key splines

A parallel splined shaft has a helix of equal-sized grooves around its circumference. These grooves are generally parallel or involute. Splines minimize stress concentrations in stationary joints and allow linear and rotary motion. Splines may be cut or cold-rolled. Cold-rolled splines have more strength than cut spines and are often used in applications that require high strength, accuracy, and a smooth surface.
A parallel key splined shaft features grooves and keys that are parallel to the axis of the shaft. This design is best suited for applications where load bearing is a primary concern and a smooth motion is needed. A parallel key splined shaft can be made from alloy steels, which are iron-based alloys that may also contain chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, or other alloying materials.
A splined shaft can be used to transmit torque and provide anti-rotation when operating as a linear guide. These shafts have square profiles that match up with grooves in a mating piece and transmit torque and rotation. They can also be easily changed in length, and are commonly used in aerospace. Its reliability and fatigue life make it an excellent choice for many applications.
The main difference between a parallel key splined shaft and a keyed shaft is that the former offers more flexibility. They lack slots, which reduce torque-transmitting capacity. Splines offer equal load distribution along the gear teeth, which translates into a longer fatigue life for the shaft. In agricultural applications, shaft life is essential. Agricultural equipment, for example, requires the ability to function at high speeds for extended periods of time.
splineshaft

Involute helical splines

Involute splines are a common design for splined shafts. They are the most commonly used type of splined shaft and feature equal spacing among their teeth. The teeth of this design are also shorter than those of the parallel spline shaft, reducing stress concentration. These splines can be used to transmit power to floating or permanently fixed gears, and reduce stress concentrations in the stationary joint. Involute splines are the most common type of splined shaft, and are widely used for a variety of applications in automotive, machine tools, and more.
Involute helical spline shafts are ideal for applications involving axial motion and rotation. They allow for face coupling engagement and disengagement. This design also allows for a larger diameter than a parallel spline shaft. The result is a highly efficient gearbox. Besides being durable, splines can also be used for other applications involving torque and energy transfer.
A new statistical model can be used to determine the number of teeth that engage for a given load. These splines are characterized by a tight fit at the major diameters, thereby transferring concentricity from the shaft to the female spline. A male spline has chamfered tips for clearance with the transition area. ANSI and DIN design manuals specify the different classes of fit.
The design of involute helical splines is similar to that of gears, and their ridges or teeth are matched with the corresponding grooves in a mating piece. It enables torque and rotation to be transferred to a mate piece while maintaining alignment of the 2 components. Different types of splines are used in different applications. Different splines can have different levels of tooth height.

Involute ball splines

When splines are used, they allow the shaft and hub to engage evenly over the shaft’s entire circumference. Because the teeth are evenly spaced, the load that they can transfer is uniform and their position is always the same regardless of shaft length. Whether the shaft is used to transmit torque or to transmit power, splines are a great choice. They provide maximum strength and allow for linear or rotary motion.
There are 3 basic types of splines: helical, crown, and ball. Crown splines feature equally spaced grooves. Crown splines feature involute sides and parallel sides. Helical splines use involute teeth and are often used in small diameter shafts. Ball splines contain a ball bearing inside the splined shaft to facilitate rotary motion and minimize stress concentration in stationary joints.
The 2 types of splines are classified under the ANSI classes of fit. Fillet root splines have teeth that mesh along the longitudinal axis of rotation. Flat root splines have similar teeth, but are intended to optimize strength for short-term use. Both types of splines are important for ensuring the shaft aligns properly and is not misaligned.
The friction coefficient of the hub is a complex process. When the hub is off-center, the center moves in predictable but irregular motion. Moreover, when the shaft is centered, the center may oscillate between being centered and being off-center. To compensate for this, the torque must be adequate to keep the shaft in its axis during all rotation angles. While straight-sided splines provide similar centering, they have lower misalignment load factors.
splineshaft

Keyed shafts

Essentially, splined shafts have teeth or ridges that fit together to transfer torque. Because splines are not as tall as involute gears, they offer uniform torque transfer. Additionally, they provide the opportunity for torque and rotational changes and improve wear resistance. In addition to their durability, splined shafts are popular in the aerospace industry and provide increased reliability and fatigue life.
Keyed shafts are available in different materials, lengths, and diameters. When used in high-power drive applications, they offer higher torque and rotational speeds. The higher torque they produce helps them deliver power to the gearbox. However, they are not as durable as splined shafts, which is why the latter is usually preferred in these applications. And while they’re more expensive, they’re equally effective when it comes to torque delivery.
Parallel keyed shafts have separate profiles and ridges and are used in applications requiring accuracy and precision. Keyed shafts with rolled splines are 35% stronger than cut splines and are used where precision is essential. These splines also have a smooth finish, which can make them a good choice for precision applications. They also work well with gears and other mechanical systems that require accurate torque transfer.
Carbon steel is another material used for splined shafts. Carbon steel is known for its malleability, and its shallow carbon content helps create reliable motion. However, if you’re looking for something more durable, consider ferrous steel. This type contains metals such as nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. And it’s important to remember that carbon steel is not the only material to consider.

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Production Parameter

Material: Alloy steel,Carbon steel,Carburizing steel,Quenched and tempered steel
Heat treatment: Normalizing,Annealing,Quenching&Tempering,Surface Quenching, Induction hardening
Machining: CNC Turning,CNC Milling,CNC Boring,CNC Grinding,CNC Drilling
Gear Machining: Gear Hobbing,Gear Milling,CNC Gear Milling,Gear Cutting,Spiral gear cutting,
Gear Cutting
Inspection: Chemical Composition Test,Ultrasonic Test,Penetration Test,Radiographic Test,

Magnetic Test,Tensile Strength Test,Impact Test,Hardness Test,Dimension Test.

We can provide forging from 1kg to 5Ton. And make precison machining. Also have welding and assembly capabilities.

Main market : America, Australia, Malaysia,Israel,Britain, Russia,Canada, ect.

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Technology :	Free forging / Open forging / Die forging / closed forging / Impression die forging / Flashless forging / multi-ram forging / multidirectional die forging / precision forging / croe forging / combination forging / extrusion forging / roll forging / reducer rolling / ring rolling / open die forging / flat die forging / loose tooling forging
Material Standard :	ISO / DIN / W-Nr / BS / EN / ASTM / ASME / AISI / UNS / SAE / JIS / SS/ NF / GOST / OCT / GB
Material Type:	Austenilic Ni-Cr Stainless Steel / Austenitic Alloy Steel / Austenitic Stainless Stee / Axle Shaft Steel / Bar Steel / Bearing Steel / Bolting Steel / Carbon And Low-Alloy Steel Vessels / Carbon Steel / Carbon Tool Steel / Carbon-Containing Alloy Steel / Case-Hardened Steel / Cast Steel / Cast-Steel Pipe / Centrifugal Steel / Centrifuge(D) Steel / Channel Steel / Chilled Hardened Steel / Chrome Hardened Steel / Chrome-Carbon Steel / Chrome-Molybdenum Steel / Chrome-Nickel Steel / Closed Die Steel / Coating Steel Pipe / Die Steel / Drawing Steel / Extra-High-Tensile Steel / Fabricated Steel / Ferritic Stainless Steel / Ferritic Steel / Figured Steel / Fine Steel / Flange Steel / Groove Steel / Hard Alloy Steel / High Alloy Steel / High Boron Steel / High Carbon Steel / High Chrome Alloy Steel / High Manganese Steel / High Nickel-Chrome Steel

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Our Products Catalogue

Products Catalogue
Item	Application	Technical	Material	Picture	Market
1	Lift Rod	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Australia
2	Eccentric shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Britain
3	Pin shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
4	Spindle	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Germany
5	Step shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Peru
6	Long shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – CNC Grinding	Alloy steel		Ukraine
7	Big head shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Israel
8	Hollow shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Custom Alloy steel		Singapore
9	Zinc plating flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – Zinc plating	Alloy steel		Australia
10	Spline shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Singapore
11	Gear Shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining – Surface Quenching	Alloy steel		Russia
12	Gear	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Russia
13	Ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
14	Ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Malaysia
15	Half ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Malaysia
16	Cylinder	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		Iran
17	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
18	Groove ring	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
19	Flange shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
20	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
21	Pin shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
22	Shaft	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
23	Square flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA Britain
24	Nut	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
25	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
26	Flange	Forging – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
27	Forks	Wire cutting – heat treatment – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
28	Closed die forging part	Forging – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
29	Closed die forging part	Forging – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA
30	Closed die forging part	Forging – CNC machining	Alloy steel		USA

The Functions of Splined Shaft Bearings

Splined shafts are the most common types of bearings for machine tools. They are made of a wide variety of materials, including metals and non-metals such as Delrin and nylon. They are often fabricated to reduce deflection. The tooth profile will become deformed with time, as the shaft is used over a long period of time. Splined shafts are available in a huge range of materials and lengths.

Functions

Splined shafts are used in a variety of applications and industries. They are an effective anti-rotational device, as well as a reliable means of transmitting torque. Other types of shafts are available, including key shafts, but splines are the most convenient for transmitting torque. The following article discusses the functions of splines and why they are a superior choice. Listed below are a few examples of applications and industries in which splines are used.
Splined shafts can be of several styles, depending on the application and mechanical system in question. The differences between splined shaft styles include the design of teeth, overall strength, transfer of rotational concentricity, sliding ability, and misalignment tolerance. Listed below are a few examples of splines, as well as some of their benefits. The difference between these styles is not mutually exclusive; instead, each style has a distinct set of pros and cons.
A splined shaft is a cylindrical shaft with teeth or ridges that correspond to a specific angular position. This allows a shaft to transfer torque while maintaining angular correspondence between tracks. A splined shaft is defined as a cylindrical member with several grooves cut into its circumference. These grooves are equally spaced around the shaft and form a series of projecting keys. These features give the shaft a rounded appearance and allow it to fit perfectly into a grooved cylindrical member.
While the most common applications of splines are for shortening or extending shafts, they can also be used to secure mechanical assemblies. An “involute spline” spline has a groove that is wider than its counterparts. The result is that a splined shaft will resist separation during operation. They are an ideal choice for applications where deflection is an issue.
A spline shaft’s radial torsion load distribution is equally distributed, unless a bevel gear is used. The radial torsion load is evenly distributed and will not exert significant load concentration. If the spline couplings are not aligned correctly, the spline connection can fail quickly, causing significant fretting fatigue and wear. A couple of papers discuss this issue in more detail.
splineshaft

Types

There are many different types of splined shafts. Each type features an evenly spaced helix of grooves on its outer surface. These grooves are either parallel or involute. Their shape allows them to be paired with gears and interchange rotary and linear motion. Splines are often cold-rolled or cut. The latter has increased strength compared to cut spines. These types of shafts are commonly used in applications requiring high strength, accuracy, and smoothness.
Another difference between internal and external splined shafts lies in the manufacturing process. The former is made of wood, while the latter is made of steel or a metal alloy. The process of manufacturing splined shafts involves cutting furrows into the surface of the material. Both processes are expensive and require expert skill. The main advantage of splined shafts is their adaptability to a wide range of applications.
In general, splined shafts are used in machinery where the rotation is transferred to an internal splined member. This member can be a gear or some other rotary device. These types of shafts are often packaged together as a hub assembly. Cleaning and lubricating are essential to the life of these components. If you’re using them on a daily basis, you’ll want to make sure to regularly inspect them.
Crowned splines are usually involute. The teeth of these splines form a spiral pattern. They are used for smaller diameter shafts because they add strength. Involute splines are also used on instrument drives and valve shafts. Serration standards are found in the SAE. Both kinds of splines can also contain a ball bearing for high torque. The difference between the 2 types of splines is the number of teeth on the shaft.
Internal splines have many advantages over external ones. For example, an internal spline shaft can be made using a grinding wheel instead of a CNC machine. It also uses a more accurate and economical process. Furthermore, it allows for a shorter manufacturing cycle, which is essential when splining high-speed machines. In addition, it stabilizes the relative phase between the spline and thread.
splineshaft

Manufacturing methods

There are several methods used to fabricate a splined shaft. Key and splined shafts are constructed from 2 separate parts that are shaped in a synchronized manner to transfer torque uniformly. Hot rolling is 1 method, while cold rolling utilizes low temperatures to form metal. Both methods enhance mechanical properties, surface finishes, and precision. The advantage of cold rolling is its cost-effectiveness.
Cold forming is 1 method, as well as machining and assembling. Cold forming is a unique process that allows the spline to be shaped to the desired shape. The resulting shape provides maximum contact area and torsional strength. Standard splines are available in standard sizes, but custom lengths can also be ordered. CZPT offers various auxiliary equipment, such as mating sleeves and flanged bushings.
Cold forging is another method. This method produces long splined shafts that are used in automobile propellers. After the spline portion is cut out, it is worked on in a hobbing machine. Work hardening enhances the root strength of the splined portion. It can be used for bearings, gears, and other mechanical components. Listed below are the manufacturing methods for splined shafts.
Parallel splines are the simplest of the splined shaft manufacturing methods. Parallel splines are usually welded to shafts, while involute splines are made of metal or non-metals. Splines are available in a wide variety of lengths and materials. The process is usually accompanied by a process called milling. The workpiece rotates to produce the serrated surface.
Splines are internal or external grooves in a splined shaft. They work in combination with keyways to transfer torque. Male and female splines are used in gears. Female and male splines correspond to 1 another to ensure proper angular correspondence. Involute splines have more surface area and thus are stronger than external splines. Moreover, they help the shaft fit into a grooved cylindrical member without misalignment.
A variety of other methods of manufacturing a splined shaft can be used to produce a splined shaft. Spline shafts can be produced using broaching and shaping, 2 precision machining methods. Broaching uses a metal tool with successively larger teeth to remove metal and create ridges and holes in the surface of a material. However, this process is expensive and requires special expertise.
splineshaft

Applications

The splined shaft is a mechanical component with a helix-like shape formed by the equal spacing of grooves in a circular ring. The splines can either have parallel or involute sides. The splines minimize stress concentration in stationary joints and can be used in both rotary and linear motion. In some cases, splines are rolled rather than cut. The latter is more durable than cut splines and is often used in applications requiring high strength, accuracy, and smooth finish.
Splined shafts are commonly made of carbon steel. This alloy steel has a low carbon content, making it easy to work with. Carbon steel is a great choice for splines because it is malleable. Generally, high-quality carbon steel provides a consistent motion. Steel alloys are also available that contain nickel, chromium, copper, and other metals. If you’re unsure of the right material for your application, you can consult a spline chart.
Splines are a versatile mechanical component. They are easy to cut and fit. Splines can be internal or external, with teeth positioned at equal intervals on both sides of the shaft. This allows the shaft to engage with the hub around the entire circumference of the hub. It also increases load capacity by creating a constant multiple-tooth point of contact with the hub. For this reason, they’re used extensively in rotary and linear motion.
Splined shafts are used in a wide variety of industries. CZPT Inc. offers custom and standard splined shafts for a variety of applications. When choosing a splined shaft for a specific application, consider the surrounding mated components, torque requirements, and size requirements. These 3 factors will make it the ideal choice for your rotary equipment. And you’ll be pleased with the end result!
There are many types of splines and their applications are endless. They transfer torque and angular misalignment between parts, and they also enable the axial rotation of assembled components. Therefore, splines are an essential component of machinery and are used in a wide range of applications. This type of shaft can be found in various types of machines, from household appliances to industrial machinery. So, the next time you’re looking for a splined shaft, make sure you look for a splined one.

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