Product Description
China chromed drive shaft,precision axles,spindle,China hard chromed shaft
Specifications:
Factory direct price and best service
All the product pictures on our website just showing our machining capability and ranges.
We offer machining service according to customer’s drawings or samples
We usually do bushiness, like this step:
| * You send us drawing or sample |
| * We carry through project assessment |
| * We give you our design for your confirmation |
| * We make the sample and send it to you after you confirmed our design |
| * You confirm the sample then place an order and pay us 30% deposit |
| * We start producing |
| * When the goods is done, you pay us the balance after you confirmed pictures or tracking numbers. |
As an outstanding CNC machining precision parts supplier, we can produce the CNC machining precision parts for various industries such as automotive, bicycle, motorcycle, sporting goods, machine tools, hand tools, power tools, pneumatic tools, garden tools…
etc. From design to manufacture, fabrication to installation, our in-house facilities provide all the elements required to suit your demands, with a complete project management service to match.
Whatever the material or idea you have, our CNC machining or milling facilities will cut and shape it according to both your needs and our knowledge of capabilities. we will also advise you as to the optimum choice of material for your task.
1. Experience:more than 17 years manufacturing history;
2. Price : Reasonable and competitive according to your drawings;
3. Quality assurance:To ensure correct standard and choose equivalent stansard for materail and technique requirements,before running ,we would like to provide formal material certificate showing chemical compositions and property,also if you need ,we can provide control plan,showing processing and inspection tooling;
4. Quanlity control:In house,coming inspection,first off,spotcheck in processing ,final inspection, 100% inspection for critical dimension;
5. Small order accepted;
6. Packing:carton box or iron can or depend on your requirements;
7. Delivery:7-30days after confirming order, according to your requirements and production quantity:
8. Payment:By T/T, for samples 100% with the order: for production,40%paid for deposit by T/T before production arrangement, the balance to be paid before shipment;
9. Honesty and professional services;
10. Product application:Home appliance equipment, Auto parts, Industrial equipment, Electrical equipment, mechanical parts, hardware parts.
| Product Name |
China chromed drive shaft,precision axles,spindle,China hard chromed shaft |
| Working Process | Turning, deep stamping, bending, punching, threading,welding, tapping, riveting |
| Material |
Black derlin, POM, Aluminum, copper, brass, stainless steel, steel, iron, alloy, zinc etc. |
| Surface Treatment | Zn-plating, Ni-plating, Cr-plating, Tin-plating, copper-plating, the wreath oxygen resin spraying, the heat disposing, hot-dip galvanizing, black oxide coating, painting, powdering, color zinc-plated, blue black zinc-plated, rust preventive oil, titanium alloy galvanized, silver plating, plastic, electroplating, anodizing etc. |
| Main Products | Precision screw,bolt, nuts,fastener,knob,pins, bushing, sleeve,gear, stamping parts, washer,gasket,plastic molding injection parts,standoff,CNC machining service, accessories etc. |
| Management System | ISO9001 – 2008 |
| Available Certificate | RoHS, SGS, Material Certification |
| Main markets |
North America, South America, Eastern Europe , West Europe , North Europe, South Europe, Asia |
| Usage | All kinds of cars, machinery, home appliance, electronic products, electric appliance, stationery, computers, power switches, miniature switches, architecture, commodity and A/V equipment, hardware and plastic molds, sports equipment and gifts, and more |
| Quality Control |
Conducted by ISO9001-2008 SGS IAF,etc |
| Applications | Toy,Automotive, instrument, electrical equipment, household appliances, furniture, mechanical equipment, daily living equipment, electronic sports equipment, light industry products, sanitation machinery, market/ hotel equipment supplies, artware etc. |
| Machining equipment | CNC turning lathe, Full automatic lathe,Stamping Lathes,Milling/Grinding machine, Drilling/Boring/Honing machine, Planer, Line cutting, Ultrasonic cleaning machine and other advanced production equipments. |
| File Format |
Solidworks,Pro/Engineer,Auto CAD,PDF,JPG |
| Service |
Warm and quick response service provided by the professional Export Sales Team with many years’ experience in handling exports to the US, Europe, Japan and other countries and regions. |
| Inspection |
IQC, IPQC,FQC,QA |
Company Information
HK AA Industrial Co, . Limited, was founded in 1998, taking up more than 10000 square meters. we specialize in hardware, plastic products. machining parts, stamping parts and fabricating parts. CZPT has 50 CNC turning machines, 10 stamping machines, 10 CNC milling machines, 10 automatic lathe machines, and 10 edge milling machines. And also the subsidiary equipments, such as milling machines, tap grinding machines and so on.
FAQ
Q1: How to guarantee the Quality of Industrial Parts?
A1: we are ISO 9001-2008 certified firm. we have the integrated system for industrial parts quality control. We have IQC (incoming quality control), IPQCS (in process quality control section), FQC (final quality control) and OQC (out-going quality control) to control each process of industrial parts prodution.
Q2: What’s the Advantage of Your Parts for Industry Products?
A2: Our advantage is the competitive prices, fast delivery and high quality. Our employees are responsible-oriented, friendly-oriented, and dilient-oriented. our Industrial parts products are featured by strict tolerance, smooth finish and long-life performance.
Q3: what are our machining equipmengts?
A3: Our machining equipments include CNC milling machines, CNC turning machines, stamping
machines, hobbing machines, automatic lathe machines, tapping machines, grinding machines,
screw machines, cutting machines and so on.
Q4: What shipping ways our use?
A4: Generally speaking, we will use UPS or DHL to ship the products. Our customers can reach the
products within 3 days. If our customers do not need them urgently, we will also use FedEx and TNT. If the products are of heavy weight and large volumn, we will ship them by sea. This way can save
our customers a lot of money.
Q5: Who are our main customers?
A5: HP, Samsung, Jabil Group, Lexmark, Flextronic Group.
Q6: What materials can you handle?
A6: Brass, bronze, copper, stainless steel, steel, aluminum, titanium And plastic.
Q7: How Long is the Delivery for Your Industrial Part?
A7: Generally speaking, it will take us 15 working days for machining parts and 25 working days for
the for stamping parts products. But we will shorten our lead time according to customers’ demands
if we are CZPT to.
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
